Topic: Sexual Hormones in Humans
Lesson 1: Role of Testosterone and Oestrogen
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – Describe the roles of testosterone and oestrogen in the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Ask students to brainstorm changes that occur in boys and girls during puberty. Main (25 mins): 1. Discuss the role of testosterone in males (e.g., voice deepening, muscle growth, body hair). 2. Discuss the role of oestrogen in females (e.g., development of breasts, regulation of menstrual cycle). 3. Use diagrams to highlight physical changes in males and females during puberty. Plenary (10 mins): Students create a comparison table of secondary sexual characteristics in males and females. |
| Resources | Diagrams showing physical changes during puberty, worksheets for comparison tables. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Research and write a short report on how testosterone or oestrogen affects behavior during puberty. |
| Assessment | Students’ ability to describe the roles of testosterone and oestrogen during class discussions and activities. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Biology 0610/12/M/J/20 Q4(b). |
Lesson 2: The Menstrual Cycle
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes in the ovaries and the lining of the uterus. |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Ask students to guess the average length of the menstrual cycle and name its phases. Main (25 mins): 1. Use a diagram to explain the four phases of the menstrual cycle: menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase. 2. Highlight the changes in the uterus lining during each phase. 3. Discuss hormonal regulation of the cycle (FSH, LH, oestrogen, and progesterone). Plenary (10 mins): Students explain the significance of ovulation and the luteal phase. |
| Resources | Diagrams of the menstrual cycle, hormone-level graphs. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Draw a labeled diagram of the menstrual cycle, showing changes in hormone levels, ovarian structure, and uterine lining. |
| Assessment | Students’ ability to describe the menstrual cycle phases and corresponding changes during activities. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Biology 0610/21/O/N/19 Q6(a). |
Lesson 3: Hormonal Control of Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – Explain the role of hormones in controlling the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, limited to FSH, LH, progesterone, and oestrogen. |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Show a graph of hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle and ask students to interpret the peaks and troughs. Main (25 mins): 1. Explain the functions of FSH (stimulates follicle development) and LH (triggers ovulation). 2. Describe the roles of oestrogen (uterine lining development) and progesterone (maintains the lining). 3. Discuss the role of hormones during pregnancy and the sites of production for oestrogen and progesterone. Plenary (10 mins): Students match hormones to their functions using a worksheet. |
| Resources | Hormone graphs, worksheets for hormone-function matching. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Write a paragraph explaining the importance of hormonal balance in the menstrual cycle. |
| Assessment | Students explain hormonal functions and identify changes during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Biology 0610/32/M/J/18 Q5(b). |
Key Notes for Teachers:
- Use visual aids like hormone-level graphs and diagrams of the menstrual cycle to clarify concepts.
- Emphasize the interplay of hormones in regulating the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
- Connect topics to real-life scenarios, such as the role of contraceptives in hormone regulation.
Key Notes for Students:
- Understand the functions of testosterone and oestrogen in puberty.
- Learn the phases of the menstrual cycle and how they relate to hormonal changes.
- Recognize the roles of FSH, LH, oestrogen, and progesterone in reproduction and pregnancy.
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