Topic: Electrical Quantities
4.2.1 Electric Charge
Lesson 1: Basics of Electric Charge
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – State that there are positive and negative charges.– Describe the forces between like and unlike charges.– Explain the charging of solids by friction as a transfer of electrons. |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Rub a balloon on a sweater and stick it to a wall. Ask students to guess why this happens.Main (25 mins): 1. Introduce positive and negative charges and discuss their interaction (attraction/repulsion).2. Demonstrate the production of static charges by friction using materials like plastic rods and wool.3. Explain that friction involves the transfer of electrons.Plenary (10 mins): Students summarize how static charges are produced. |
| Resources | Plastic rods, wool cloth, balloon, whiteboard for diagrams. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Write a paragraph explaining why a balloon sticks to a wall after being rubbed. |
| Assessment | Students explain charge interactions during the plenary. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Physics 0625/21/M/J/19 Q3(a). |
Lesson 2: Conductors, Insulators, and Electric Fields
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – Describe an experiment to distinguish between conductors and insulators.– Explain the difference between conductors and insulators using the electron model.– Describe electric fields and their patterns. |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Show a simple circuit and ask students why some materials allow current to pass while others do not.Main (25 mins): 1. Conduct an experiment to test various materials (e.g., metal, plastic) for conductivity using a bulb or buzzer.2. Discuss the electron model to explain why conductors (e.g., metals) allow current flow and insulators (e.g., plastic) do not.3. Introduce electric fields and demonstrate field patterns using diagrams or simulations.Plenary (10 mins): Students draw electric field patterns for point charges and parallel plates. |
| Resources | Battery, wires, bulb, various materials, whiteboard for diagrams. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Draw and label the electric field patterns around a point charge and between two parallel plates. |
| Assessment | Students conduct experiments to classify materials and explain their observations. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Physics 0625/42/M/J/20 Q5(b). |
4.2.2 Electric Current
Lesson 3: Introduction to Electric Current
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – Define electric current as the flow of charge.– Describe the use of analogue and digital ammeters.– Explain the difference between direct current (d.c.) and alternating current (a.c.). |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Ask students where they might have seen ammeters or multimeters and discuss their purpose.Main (25 mins): 1. Define electric current and discuss the flow of charge in circuits.2. Demonstrate the use of analogue and digital ammeters to measure current in a simple circuit.3. Compare and contrast d.c. and a.c. using diagrams and real-life examples (e.g., batteries vs. mains supply).Plenary (10 mins): Students explain the differences between d.c. and a.c. |
| Resources | Analogue and digital ammeters, circuit components, diagrams. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Write a short note explaining the difference between d.c. and a.c. |
| Assessment | Students demonstrate the correct use of ammeters during the activity. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Physics 0625/31/M/J/20 Q6(a). |
4.2.3 Electromotive Force (e.m.f.) and Potential Difference (p.d.)
Lesson 4: Understanding e.m.f. and p.d.
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – Define e.m.f. as the work done per unit charge by a source.– Define p.d. as the work done per unit charge across a component.– Describe the use of voltmeters to measure e.m.f. and p.d. |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Show a simple circuit with a voltmeter connected and ask students why it is placed in parallel.Main (25 mins): 1. Define e.m.f. and p.d. and highlight the differences between them.2. Demonstrate the use of analogue and digital voltmeters to measure p.d. across a resistor.3. Solve numerical problems using V=W/QV = W / Q.Plenary (10 mins): Students calculate p.d. for a given charge and work done. |
| Resources | Circuit components, analogue and digital voltmeters, worksheets. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Solve numerical problems involving e.m.f. and p.d. from the worksheet. |
| Assessment | Students measure p.d. accurately and solve numerical problems during class. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Physics 0625/42/M/J/20 Q4(b). |
4.2.4 Resistance
Lesson 5: Measuring Resistance
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Objective | – Recall and use the formula R=V/IR = V / I.– Describe an experiment to determine resistance using a voltmeter and ammeter.– State the factors affecting the resistance of a metallic wire. |
| Activities | Starter (5 mins): Ask students what might cause a bulb in a circuit to glow dimmer and relate this to resistance.Main (25 mins): 1. Define resistance and introduce the formula R=V/IR = V / I.2. Conduct an experiment to measure the resistance of a resistor using a voltmeter and an ammeter.3. Discuss how resistance changes with wire length and cross-sectional area.Plenary (10 mins): Students calculate resistance from their experimental data. |
| Resources | Circuit components, voltmeter, ammeter, resistors, wires of varying lengths and thicknesses. |
| Time | 40 minutes |
| Homework | Solve problems using the formula R=V/IR = V / I. |
| Assessment | Students calculate resistance from their experiment and explain how wire dimensions affect resistance. |
| Past Paper Practice | IGCSE Physics 0625/32/M/J/19 Q6(c). |
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