O Levels/IGCSE Physics Lesson Plan 1.8

Topic: Pressure

Section	Details
Objective	– Define pressure and understand its relationship with force and area.
Activities	– Starter (5 mins): Show examples of how pressure differs depending on force and area (e.g., a sharp knife vs. a blunt one).- Main (25 mins): 1. Define pressure as p=FAp = \frac{F}{A}. 2. Work through simple examples to calculate pressure.- Plenary (10 mins): Students solve example problems calculating pressure.
Resources	Balloons, books, and objects of different surface areas for demonstration.
Time	40 minutes
Homework	Solve problems on pressure using p=FAp = \frac{F}{A}.
Assessment	Students explain real-life examples of pressure differences during class discussions.
Past Paper Practice	IGCSE Physics 0625/21/O/N/19 Q2(a).

Section	Details
Objective	– Describe how pressure varies with force and area in real-life examples.
Activities	– Starter (5 mins): Discuss examples like snowshoes, high heels, and car tires.- Main (25 mins): 1. Explain the relationship between force, area, and pressure. 2. Work through examples comparing different situations (e.g., heavy objects on different-sized surfaces).- Plenary (10 mins): Class discussion about other real-life scenarios where pressure is important.
Resources	Images of snowshoes, car tires, high heels, etc.
Time	40 minutes
Homework	Research one real-life example where pressure plays a critical role and write a short explanation.
Assessment	Students describe how pressure affects specific scenarios.
Past Paper Practice	IGCSE Physics 0625/42/M/J/18 Q3(a).

Section	Details
Objective	– Understand how pressure changes beneath the surface of a liquid with depth and density.
Activities	– Starter (5 mins): Discuss why scuba divers experience higher pressure as they dive deeper.- Main (25 mins): 1. Explain the concept of liquid pressure and its dependence on depth and density. 2. Demonstrate using a container of water with holes at different depths to show varying pressure.- Plenary (10 mins): Students explain observations from the demonstration.
Resources	Water container with holes at different levels, ruler, and water.
Time	40 minutes
Homework	Write a brief explanation of why submarines are designed to withstand high pressures.
Assessment	Students explain the relationship between depth, density, and liquid pressure.
Past Paper Practice	IGCSE Physics 0625/22/M/J/19 Q5(c).

Section	Details
Objective	– Use the equation for pressure change in a liquid (Δp=ρgΔh\Delta p = \rho g \Delta h).
Activities	– Starter (5 mins): Recap pressure beneath liquids using previous demonstration.- Main (25 mins): 1. Introduce the equation Δp=ρgΔh\Delta p = \rho g \Delta h. 2. Solve problems involving liquid pressure calculations.- Plenary (10 mins): Quick quiz on calculating liquid pressure using the equation.
Resources	Worksheets with liquid pressure problems, calculators.
Time	40 minutes
Homework	Solve additional liquid pressure problems from the worksheet.
Assessment	Students solve numerical problems involving liquid pressure.
Past Paper Practice	IGCSE Physics 0625/42/O/N/20 Q6(b).

Pressure Definition:
- Pressure is the force exerted per unit area: p=FAp = \frac{F}{A}.
Liquid Pressure:
- In liquids, pressure increases with depth and density: Δp=ρgΔh\Delta p = \rho g \Delta h.
- ρ\rho: Density of the liquid.
- gg: Gravitational field strength.
- Δh\Delta h: Depth.
Everyday Examples:
- High heels exert more pressure than flat shoes due to smaller surface area.
- Snowshoes reduce pressure on snow by increasing surface area.

Practical Demonstrations:
- Use visual aids and experiments to show how pressure varies with force and area.
- Demonstrate liquid pressure with water-filled containers.
Equation Applications:
- Emphasize real-world applications of Δp=ρgΔh\Delta p = \rho g \Delta h, such as scuba diving and dam designs.
Student Engagement:
- Encourage students to identify examples of pressure in everyday life to relate concepts to practical scenarios.