O Levels/IGCSE Chemistry Lesson Plan 9.1

Section	Details
Objective	Compare the general physical properties of metals and non-metals, including: (a) thermal conductivity, (b) electrical conductivity, (c) malleability and ductility, (d) melting points and boiling points.
Activities	– Starter (5 mins): Show samples of metals (e.g., aluminum, copper) and non-metals (e.g., sulfur, graphite) and ask: “How are these substances different?”- Main (25 mins): 1. Discuss physical properties of metals: good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, high melting and boiling points. 2. Contrast these with non-metals: poor conductors, brittle, low melting and boiling points. 3. Conduct simple demonstrations: – Heat conductivity (metal rod vs non-metal rod). – Malleability (hammering a metal and a non-metal).- Plenary (10 mins): Students complete a Venn diagram comparing the physical properties of metals and non-metals.
Resources	Samples of metals and non-metals, heat sources, worksheets, Venn diagram templates.
Time	40 minutes total: 5 mins (Starter) + 25 mins (Main) + 10 mins (Plenary).
Homework	Research and write about one real-life application of metals based on their physical properties.
Assessment	Worksheet: Identify whether a substance is a metal or non-metal based on its physical properties.
Past Paper Practice	IGCSE Chemistry 0620/41/M/J/19 Q5(a) – Comparing properties of metals and non-metals.

Section	Details
Objective	Describe the general chemical properties of metals, limited to their reactions with: (a) dilute acids, (b) cold water and steam, (c) oxygen.
Activities	– Starter (5 mins): Show a reaction video of a metal with an acid and ask: “What do you observe in this reaction?”- Main (25 mins): 1. Discuss chemical reactions of metals: – With dilute acids: Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen gas (e.g., Mg + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂). – With water: Active metals react with cold water (e.g., Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂). – With steam: Less reactive metals react with steam (e.g., Zn + H₂O → ZnO + H₂). – With oxygen: Metals form oxides (e.g., 4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃). 2. Demonstrate or show reactions (safely) of selected metals with acids, water, and oxygen.- Plenary (10 mins): Students write word equations for reactions demonstrated in class.
Resources	Metals (e.g., magnesium, zinc), acids, water, Bunsen burner, reaction videos, worksheets.
Time	40 minutes total: 5 mins (Starter) + 25 mins (Main) + 10 mins (Plenary).
Homework	Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions of metals with dilute acids and oxygen.
Assessment	Worksheet: Predict the products of reactions between metals and acids, water, or oxygen.
Past Paper Practice	IGCSE Chemistry 0620/41/O/N/21 Q5(c) – Reactions of metals with acids, water, and oxygen.

Section	Details
Objective	Compare the reactivity of different metals based on their reactions with acids, water, and oxygen.
Activities	– Starter (5 mins): Ask: “Why do some metals react more vigorously than others?”- Main (25 mins): 1. Recap the reactivity series of metals. 2. Demonstrate the reactions of highly reactive (e.g., sodium), moderately reactive (e.g., magnesium), and less reactive (e.g., copper) metals. 3. Relate reactivity trends to the ease of losing electrons (metallic bonding).- Plenary (10 mins): Students arrange given metals in order of reactivity based on reaction observations.
Resources	Metals of varying reactivity, reaction setups, worksheets.
Time	40 minutes total: 5 mins (Starter) + 25 mins (Main) + 10 mins (Plenary).
Homework	Write a short paragraph explaining why sodium reacts more vigorously with water than magnesium.
Assessment	Worksheet: Classify metals based on their reactivity with acids, water, and oxygen.
Past Paper Practice	IGCSE Chemistry 0620/41/M/J/20 Q6(a) – Reactivity of metals and reactions.

Physical Properties:
- Metals: Good conductors of heat/electricity, malleable, ductile, high melting/boiling points.
- Non-metals: Poor conductors, brittle, low melting/boiling points.
Chemical Properties:
- With acids: Form salt and hydrogen gas.
- With water/steam: Reactivity depends on the metal’s position in the reactivity series.
- With oxygen: Form metal oxides.
Reactivity Trends:
- Reactivity increases down Group I and decreases across a period from left to right.

Use safe demonstrations or videos to highlight differences in reactivity.
Encourage students to observe and record reactions carefully for better understanding.
Reinforce the connection between reactivity and practical applications of metals.